Types of Psychological Testing

•             What is it?

•             Why is it done?

•             Types of tests

•             Next steps

When administered and evaluated properly, psychological tests are accurate tools used to diagnose and treat mental health conditions. When you hear the words “psychologic” all kinds of questions and thoughts may run through your mind. What will they ask? Will my answers be considered right or wrong? If my answers are wrong, what will that say about me?

Don’t panic.

Psychologists use psychological testing in the same way medical doctors use lab work, X-rays, and physical exams: to determine the cause of your symptoms and recommend treatment, when necessary.

What is psychological testing?

Psychological testing is the basis for mental health treatment. These tools are often used to measure and observe a person’s behaviors, emotions, and thoughts. Tests are performed by a psychologist who will evaluate the results to determine the cause, severity, and duration of your symptoms. This will guide them in creating a treatment plan that meets your needs.

Tests can either be objective or projective:

•             OPrbjective testing involves answering questions with set responses like yes/no or true/false.

•             ojective testing evaluates responses to ambiguous stimuli in the hopes of uncovering hidden emotions and internal conflicts.

Both provide valuable insight into your symptoms and help psychologists see your overall level of functioning and distress. Psychological tests can include formal, or “norm-referenced,” tests to measure your ability to comprehend different concepts. They can come in the form of checklists and questionnaires. Each test measure ensures the reliability, validity, and objectivity necessary to avoid bias in scoring or interpreting your results. During a psychological evaluation, assessments may also be used to help diagnose and treat mental health conditions. Assessments include standardized tests as well as informal tests, such as:

•             surveys

•             clinical interviews

•             observational data

•             medical exams

•             previous educational and medical history

Why is psychological testing needed or recommended?

Psychological testing can be recommended for a number of reasons including diagnosing mental health conditions and identifying troubling behavior.

According to the American Psychiatric Association, the following symptoms may indicate that a psychological test may be needed:

•             increased social withdrawal

•             nervousness

•             changes in mood

•             difficulty completing normal tasks

•             a dramatic change in sleep and eating habits

•             problems with concentration

If you or a loved one are experiencing any of these, consider reaching out to a health mental professional. You can use our Find a Therapist tool for help. Psychological testing may also be used by researchers or scientists to test hypotheses about a variety of topics that aren’t always related to psychology.

Other uses for psychological testing include:

•             screening job applicants

•             organizational development

•             academic placement

What types of psychological tests are there?

Psychologists use testing to examine a variety of factors, including emotional intelligence, personality, mental aptitude, and neurological functioning. Here’s a more in-depth look at the types of testing available and the most commonly used tests for each category.

Type      Tests and Measures

Personality tests               Measure behaviors, emotions, attitudes, and behavioral and environmental characteristics

Test names: Basic Personality Inventory (BPI), 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire

Achievement tests          Measure respondents’ intellectual interests, achievements, and cognitive abilities

Test names: Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery, Kaufman Test of Education Achievement (K-TEA)

Attitude tests    Measure views of respondents based on how much they agree or disagree with a statement

Test names: Likert Scale, Thurstone Scale

Aptitude tests   Measure capabilities, skill sets, and projection of future success

Test names: Visual Reasoning Test, Abstract Reasoning Test

Emotional Intelligence tests        Measure emotional responses such as anger, sadness, happiness, and impulsivity

Test names: Mayor-Salovey-Caruso El Test (MSCEIT), Emotional and Social Competence Inventory

Intelligence tests              Measure mental/developmental learning disabilities

Test names: Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Universal Nonverbal Intelligence

Neuropsychological tests              Measure cognitive abilities like memory, language, and executive functioning

Test names: Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Ammons Quick Test

Projective tests Measure feedback from external influences to identify unrealized emotions/conflicts

Test names: Rorschach Inkblot Test, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Observation (direct) tests             Measure immediate observable behavior; performed in a laboratory, clinical, or natural setting

Next steps

Now that you have a better idea of what psychological testing entails and you’re ready to move forward, you might be asking yourself, “So, what’s next?”If you haven’t already done so, consider reaching out to your primary care doctor, if you have one. They may be able to refer you to a mental health professional who is qualified to administer testing and diagnose and treat mental health conditions.If you’re unsure about seeking treatment, consider joining a local or online mental health support group. Support groups offer a great way to meet other people who are experiencing similar emotions and situations. Knowing that you’re not alone can be encouraging and helpful Remember during testing to be as honest as possible about your emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. This is the best way to get the help and support you need.

Last medically reviewed on September 15, 2021

 3 sources expanded

•             Psychological testing in the service of disability determination. (2015).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK305233/

•             Understanding psychological testing and assessment. (2013).

https://www.apa.org/topics/testing-assessment-measurement/understanding

•             Warning signs of mental illness. (2018).

https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/warning-signs-of-mental-illness

What Different Types of Radio Technology Exist?

 Even though people these days don’t always listen to conventional radio, it remains a significant technological landscape in history and their everyday lives.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF RADIO?

People usually categorize radios depending on their use and function. The most used today are AM, FM, Shortwave, Longwave, Satellite, Ham, DAB, Walkie-Talkie, and radio broadcasting HD radio. Each of them uses a different technology or band. A radio band determines the wavelengths and frequency used and only applies to analog radio. This article will introduce each of the types that are commonly used in our everyday lives.

RADIO WAVES

Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequencies used for long-distance communication. According to NASA, radio waves have the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum. Their wavelengths, according to the radio frequencies, ranging from 1 mm to anywhere over 100 km.

A radio physically works by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves rapidly. A transmitter (meaning the stations) radiates the field outwards using an antenna, and the receiver (meaning the actual radio devices) picks up the field and signal and translates it into sound. The first commercial station aired in 1920, with a broadcast about the elections. The success of the KDKA broadcast in Pittsburg inspired the technology and future of broadcasting worldwide.

RADIO BROADCASTING

The radio was developed in the 20th century as the breakthrough way to broadcast audio signals for large distances and wide audiences. Although the first period was just experimental, the VHF band (very high frequency) aired commercially 40 years later.

AM & FM

Amplitude modulation (AM radio) is the oldest form of wireless radio broadcasting. Using a process called modulation, an audio signal can modify the strength of the radio waves rapidly, which AM receivers decode into sound. The amplitude is the signal strength of the carrier wave that’s varied in proportion to the message signal.

In the 1960s, the transistor was developed, allowing the smaller-sized amplitude modulation radio to become a reality. But the early types often used vacuum tubes. Although this system is fairly simple, the quality of the sound is underwhelming, especially by today’s standards, and it’s vulnerable to electrical noises. They often have a light called ‘Magic Eye’, which by measuring peak power, helps tune a particular channel precisely.

FM is one of the most commonly known radio bands. Unlike AM radio, FM focuses on the modulation of the radio frequency rather than the strength. The higher frequency used for FM allows much better audio quality, cuts down on white noise, and doesn’t let any interference in.

While technology has developed way beyond AM and FM these days, FM receivers are still used widely and even come built into smartphones today. FM and AM bands remain the main radio source in portable, home, or construction site radios.